A FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN, CONDUCT AND INTERPRETATION OF RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS IN THE PRESENCE OF TREATMENT CHANGES

A framework for the design, conduct and interpretation of randomised controlled trials in the presence of treatment changes

Abstract Background When a randomised trial is subject to deviations rexford rut v5 from randomised treatment, analysis according to intention-to-treat does not estimate two important quantities: relative treatment efficacy and effectiveness in a setting different from that in the trial.Even in trials of a predominantly pragmatic nature, there may

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An Evolutionary Game Theory-Based Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Multiagent Distribution Network Operation Considering Voltage Management

Distribution system operators (DSOs) have difficulty in scheduling distributed energy resources owing to the increasing power demand and penetration of renewable energy.The goal of this study is to determine the charging/discharging of PV energy-integrated energy storage system (PV-ESS), EV charging price, and demand response (DR) incentive values

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Skim Milk Culture of Lactobacillus johnsonii SBT0309 Increases Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-8 Production in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Background/Objectives: Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an enzyme expressed in the intestinal brush border, which may exert anti-inflammatory effects by detoxifying lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), thereby preventing metabolic disorders.Various food components have been reported to influence IAP activity.However, few studies have evaluated the e

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Evaluation of the radiation background in residential premises caused by man-made enhanced sources of natural origin

The natural radiation background is an important abiotic factor.Nowadays, radiation from natural sources is enhanced by a man-made component.Population growth stimulates construction, for which natural mineral raw materials are used.Uranium and its daughter radionuclides contained in building materials increase the impact of natural sources of radi

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